Currently there is a discussion about ‘Mondha’ storm in two Telugu states. The government administration has focused on the measures to be taken to face this storm. People are staying in their homes because of the incessant rains. Crops are drowning. Trees are falling. All the low-lying areas are getting flooded. Animals and birds are losing their lives. And all the media is storm news. Do you know what is the birth of the storm that creates such chaos?
Storms are born in the sea. A storm that originates in the ocean and reaches the land creates a storm in the above manner. But, do you know why these storms form in the ocean? If you don’t know then read this article completely. Why hurricanes are born in the ocean is well understood.
What is a real hurricane?
Cyclone is a severe weather system. It is characterized by strong winds and heavy rainfall combined with tornadoes. It is called a tropical cyclone because it forms over warm tropical seas. The storms we know are tropical cyclones that form over oceans. Because only the ocean provides the necessary energy for hurricanes to form and then become stronger.
These are the main reasons and conditions for the formation of hurricanes
1. Hot sea water as fuel
Heat and humidity are the main fuel for hurricanes. For tropical cyclones to form, the sea surface temperature must be around 26.5 degrees Celsius or higher. This warm water must be at least 50 meters below the sea surface. Water vapor (moisture) rises from the heated ocean and enters the atmosphere in large quantities. In this way, the hot water of the sea becomes the fuel for the formation of storms.
2. Condensation of water vapor (release of energy)
Hot, moist air rising from the ocean cools as it rises, turning the water vapor it contains into clouds. In this process of condensation, latent heat is released in the water vapor clouds. This heat heats the core of the storm system. As the center warms, the surrounding air rises faster, drawing in warmer, moister air to replace it. This is one "Positive feed back loop" Acts like and makes the storm stronger. This process of condensation of water vapor is another reason for the formation of storm.
3. Low Pressure – Air Circulation
When warm air rises, a low-pressure area forms over the ocean surface. The surrounding high pressure air rushes towards the low pressure area. Due to the rotation of the earth (Coriolis Effect), these incoming winds start rotating in a circular motion. In the Northern Hemisphere it rotates Anticlockwise and in the Southern Hemisphere it rotates Clockwise. This rotation is the main characteristic of a cyclone.
4. Low wind shear (Wind Shear)
For the storm to grow steadily, the wind speed and direction of travel at different heights in the atmosphere should not differ greatly. This is called Low Vertical Wind Shear. This condition is often favorable over seas. This creates a favorable condition for the storm.
The impact of the storm only reaches the coast
However, these four conditions mentioned above help each other (Positive Feedback) and provide continuous power to the system called storm. Because of this, the above four conditions turn a low pressure into an air bubble and then into a cyclone. If none of these four conditions are met, the storm will weaken and break up at sea. However, when this cyclone crosses the coast and makes landfall, the supply of warm and moist air that powers it stops. Then the storm weakens. However, the clouds created by these rain from the ocean region itself. After making landfall, the storm will weaken within a few hours. However, due to that effect, the clouds that come to the earth will rain. Due to this, heavy rains fall in the coastal region. Apart from that, the further the impact of the storm is, the greater the impact of the rains.
